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The Greek verb system


The following overview provides you with what you should know about the Greek verb system:

  • 8 temporal stages:
    → Present: 1 form
    → Past: 4 forms (paratatikos, aorist, perfect and pluperfect)
    → Future: 3 forms (simple future, future continuous and future perfect
  • 2 basic verb conjugations (present stem and aorist stem)
  • 3 voices/diathesis (voice of the verb)
  • 2 auxiliary verb
    είμαι (engl. I am, „to be“) and „έχω“ (engl. I have, „to have“).
    „έχω“ (engl. I have, „to have“) is used when forming the perfect tense and pluperfect.
  • 3 modes (signalling modality = signalling intention of speaker):
    indicative (mood of reality, neutral/objective), conjunctive (subjective opinions, emotions, wish, polite requests), imperative (mood of commands, prohibition, orders, requests)
  • 2 participles (present, perfect)
  • infinitive with limited function
If you are not familiar with personal pronouns, you may want to look them up here.