The Arabic alphabet

The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters.
The Arabic script is written from right to left.

Arabic letters take on a different form and shape – depending on where you encounter them.
To be able to read and write the Arabic script, you have to distinguish four different types of forms for each letter:
 
If you search for only the letter – without the context of a word – that's what we call the isolated form of that letter.
And within the written word, each letter can take on three different forms and shapes – depending on whether you encounter the letter at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a word.

The following tables will teach you the Arabic alphabet, its letters – and all their different forms.

Please note:
At the very beginning and at the very end of the tables you encounter two letters (ء and ة) which are not part of the official Arabic alphabet. We added them to the tables as they are none the less widely used in Arabic words.

The Arabic alphabet – letters in their isolated form
column 1
column 2
name transliteration isolated name transliteration isolated
hamza '
ء
dād
ض
alif ā, a, i, u
ا
ط
b
ب
ظ
t
ت
'ain '
ع
thā t
ث
ghain ġ
غ
dschīm ğ
ج
f
ف
ح
qaf q
ق
chā
خ
kāf k
ك
dāl d
د
lām l
ل
dhāl d
ذ
mīm m
م
r
ر
nūn n
ن
zāin z
ز
h
ه
sīn s
س
wāw w, ū, u
و
schīn š
ش
y, ī, i
ي
sād
ص
ta marbuta (t)
ة

The following table shows you the form of the Arabic letters as they change in different positions:
position 1 (pos1): at the beginning of a word
position 2 (pos2): in the middle of a word
position 3 (pos3): at the end of the word

Letters of the Arabic alphabet
name translit. pos.1 pos2 pos3
hamza ' (-) (-) (-)
alif ā, a, i, u ا ـا ـا
b بـ ـبـ ـب
t تـ ـتـ ـت
thā t ثـ ـثـ ـث
dschīm ğ جـ ـجـ ـج
حـ ـحـ ـح
chā خـ ـخـ ـخ
dāl d د ـد ـد
dhāl d ذ ـذ ـذ
r ر ـر ـر
zāin z ز ـز ـز
sīn s سـ ـسـ ـس
schīn š شـ ـشـ ـش
sād صـ ـصـ ـص
dād ضـ ـضـ ـض
طـ ـطـ ـط
ظـ ـظـ ـظ
'ain ' عـ ـعـ ـع
ghain ġ غـ ـغـ ـغ
f فـ ـفـ ـف
qaf q قـ ـقـ ـق
kāf k كـ ـكـ ـك
lām l لـ ـلـ ـل
mīm m مـ ـمـ ـم
nūn n نـ ـنـ ـن
h هـ ـهـ ـه
wāw w, ū, u و ـو ـو
y, ī, i يـ ـيـ ـي
ta marbuta (t) (-) (-) ـة

Learn to read and write the Arabic alphabet by heart - click on the link below!
The Arabic Alphabet


 

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